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Below are some definitions you may need when filling
out a printing services order form or developing your printing specifications.
Always feel free to call Printing Services customer service at 3289
if you are unsure how to describe the elements of your job.
accordion fold: The paper is
folded two or more times in a parallel direction. Each fold reverses
the direction, similar to the bellows of an accordion. Also call
a "Z" fold. Often used for items printed on one side only. Do not
use an accordion fold when the item is to be inserted into an envelope
by machine.
acid free paper: A paper having
no acidity and no residual acid-producing chemicals. Best for archival
purposes.
backing up: Printing the opposite
side of a sheet, after the first side has already been printed.
bleed: When the printed image
extends beyond the trim edge of a sheet of paper.
carbonless paper: Papers that
have been treated with chemicals and carbon derivatives that are
activated by pressure. Writing or typing on the top sheet of a set
of carbonless sheets results in a transfer of the image to the sheets
below.
chipboard: A single-ply cardboard,
usually gray or brown. Used as the bottom sheet in a pad of paper.
CMYK: Colors used in printing
to reproduce color photos. The colors are cyan, magenta, yellow,
and black (or key color).
coated paper: A paper broadly
used for all types of printing, including multicolor work. Coated
papers provide improved affinity for printing inks. Coated paper
may have a glossy or dull finish.
coil binding: A binding method
using a continuous spiral coil of plastic. Coil binding allows the
publication to lay flat when open.
collating: Gathering or arranging
printed sheets or signatures into a desired sequence.
color separation: The division
of an image into its component colors for printing.
continuous tone: A photograph,
rendering, or other similar image that is made of blended gray tones
or values that flow into each other gradually and without hard edges.
cotton fiber paper: Sometimes
called "rag" paper and made wholly or in part of cotton fibers.
The cotton content is usually 24, 50 or 100 percent. UNCW white
letterhead is printed on 25% cotton paper and student theses are
printed on 100% cotton paper.
cover: A heavy paper used for
business cars, postcard and for the covers of brochures, booklets,
etc. The most common weights are 65 and 80 lb.
deckle: A finish given to the
edge of a sheet of paper, irregular in outline and with decreased
thickness. The edge appears torn. Used for invitations and announcement.
Available in cover and text weights.
drill: Drilling holes to accommodate
a loose leaf binder. It doesn't have to be three holes; we will
do one to as many as you need.
Duotone: A printing technique
in which a halftone is printed in two ink colors to provide richer
tones.
duplex paper: Two sheets of
text paper or cover stock that have been pasted together. Usually
has a different texture or color on each side.
enamel paper: A high-gloss
coated paper also called "gloss coated paper".
gutter: The blank space, or
inner margin, from printed area to binding.
halftone: A pattern of dots
of different sizes used to simulate a continuous tone photograph.
hard copy: Printed copy of
the contents of a computer file.
imposition: The arrangement
by which a number of pages are printed together in such a way they
will be in their correct order when folded or cut.
index: A paper similar in weight
to cover but smoother and stiffer. Most frequently used for index
cards, post cards, and posters.
inside: Refers to the pages
between the cover of a publication. When counting the pages be sure
to include the pages that are not numbered or are blank. Count each
side of the sheet as one page.
knockout: An area of a printed
piece in which the first color ink does not print and a second ink
then prints into the same area.
letterfold: The paper is folded
twice, in the same direction, into 3 panels with 1 outside panel
tucked under the other outside panel. Frequently used for brochures.
line art: Black and white illustration,
with no continuous tones (or greys).
offset: (1)A printing process
also known as lithography. Ink is applied to plates made from metal,
plastic or paper. The ink in transferred to a blanket and then offset
to paper. (2) set-off, where wet ink is transferred to the back
of the sheet above in a stock of just printed sheets.
opacity: The nontransparent
property of paper that prevents or reduces light transmission and
show-through of printing.
overprinting: Printing over
areas already printed.
over-run: Quantity printed
in excess of the specified quantity.
perfect binding: A binding
method used to put together a large number of pages into a book
form usually with a wraparound cover. The UNCW telephone directory
is an example of perfect binding.
perforate: Small holes put
in the paper to make one area easy to tear from another.
PMS: Abbreviation for the "Pantone
Matching System". A system of color standardization generally accepted
throughout the printing and graphic arts industries.
pictures: Halftone - One color
reproduction. Duotones - Two colors combined to reproduce prictures
with greater depth. Four-Color - color pictures.
plastic comb: A binding that
allows the publication to lay flat when open. Often called GBC binding.
process colors: The four colors
(cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that are combined to print color
photographs and a wide range of colors. See CYMK.
proof: A sample of how a finished
piece is intended to look and used to check for errors.
ream: Usually 500 sheets of
paper regardless of size, weight, or grade. Cover and index are
usually packaged 250 sheets to the ream.
reverse: Type or graphics appearing
in white (or the color of the paper) on a color background or in
a dark area of a photograph.
saddlestich: Multiple page
book held together with two staples in the spine. We can staple
up to 96 pages (24 signatures).
scoring: Making an indentation,
generally in the heavier weights of paper, to facilitate a cleaner
and easier fold.
screen: Lightening the ink
in an area through a dot pattern for design effect or emphasis.
self-cover: When the inside
stock of a booklet is the same as the cover.
set-off: Wet ink transferred
to the back of the sheet above in stock of just-printed sheets.
sheet: Usually represent two
pages, one each side of a sheet of paper.
show-through: When the printing
on one side of a sheet of paper can be seen when looking at the
opposite side. (See opacity)
shrink wrap: A tight fitting
plastic warp used to protect a publication during handling and storage.
signature: A folded, printed
sheet of paper forming a section of a printed book or booklet. The
number of pages in a signature is a multiple of four, eight or sixteen.
Presses at UNCW's print shop print signatures in multiples of four
and eight.
spot color: Printing using
black and one or two additional colors of ink.
text paper: A fine quality
paper, frequently with a texture. Used for announcements, brochures,
booklets, and similar items. Most texts are 70 or 80 lb.
varnish: A clear coating put
on by the press to prevent marking or to add shine. Varnishing counts
as another color when estimating the cost of a job.
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